科学家发现：化疗比药物激素治疗更能延长前列腺癌症病人的寿命！
Prostate cancer: radiotherapy could extend thousands of lives, study finds
前列腺癌：研究发现，放射治疗可以延长数千人的生命
▌ 部分素材来源于BBC，世界播团队翻译
Radiotherapy could increase the chances of survival for thousands of men with prostate cancer that has already spread by the time they are diagnosed, new research suggests.
一项新的研究表明，放射治疗可能会增加在确诊时癌细胞已经扩散的数千名前列腺癌患者的生存机会。
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer to affect men in the UK. About 47,000 are diagnosed every year and around 11,500 die. Significant numbers of men are not diagnosed until the cancer has spread, which reduces their chances of survival.
在英国，前列腺癌是影响男性最常见的癌症。每年约有47 000人被确诊，约11 500人死亡。大量的男性直到癌症扩散后才被诊断出来，这降低了他们生存的机会。
The standard treatment for advanced or metastatic prostate cancer is hormone therapy drugs. “Until now, it was thought that there was no point in treating the prostate itself if the cancer had already spread because it would be like shutting the stable door after the horse has bolted,” said the lead researcher of the study, Dr Chris Parker of the Royal Marsden hospital in Surrey.
晚期或转移性前列腺癌的标准治疗方法是激素治疗药物。萨里皇家马斯登医院的首席研究员克里斯·帕克说：“到目前为止，人们一直认为，如果前列腺癌已经扩散开来，就没有必要治疗前列腺本身，因为这就像在马跑开后关上马厩门一样。”
The trial, called Stampede and based at the Medical Research Council’s clinical trials unit at University College London, investigated what would happen among about 2,000 men with advanced cancer if they were given radiotherapy as well as drugs. Half were given standard treatment and half the standard treatment plus radiotherapy to the prostate.
这项名为斯坦佩德的试验基于伦敦大学学院医学研究委员会的临床试验部门，调查了大约2000名患有晚期癌症的男性在接受放疗和药物治疗后会发生什么。一半人呢接受标准治疗，一半人接受标准治疗加前列腺放射治疗。
Not everyone benefited. The radiotherapy did not help those whose cancers had spread more widely, but it did make a difference for those whose cancers had spread only locally into the nearby lymph nodes or bones. Of those men, 81% survived for three years, compared with 73% who did not get radiotherapy. The results were announced at the European Society for Medical Oncology conference in Munich and published online by the Lancet medical journal.
并不是每个人都从中受益。放射治疗对那些癌症扩散范围更广的人没有帮助，但是对于那些癌症只在局部扩散到附近淋巴结或骨头的人来说，它确实产生了影响。在这些男性中，81%的人活了三年，而73%的人没有接受放疗。这一结果在慕尼黑召开的欧洲医学肿瘤学会会议上公布，并由《柳叶刀》医学杂志在线发布。
The improvement in survival may not seem large, but experts say it could benefit around 3,000 men in England and very many more worldwide. Radiotherapy also has the advantage of being a low-cost addition to their treatment.
存活率的改善似乎并不大，但专家表示，这可能会使英国约3000名男性受益，而世界范围内的男性可能会受益更多。放射治疗还具有低成本的优点，是他们治疗的补充.
“Our results show a powerful effect for certain men with advanced prostate cancer. These findings could and should change standard of care worldwide,” Parker said. “Unlike many new drugs for cancer, radiotherapy is a simple, relatively cheap treatment that is readily available in most parts of the world.”
“我们的结果显示对某些患有晚期前列腺癌的男性有很大的影响。这些发现可以而且应该改变世界范围内的护理标准。“帕克说。“与许多治疗癌症的新药不同，放射治疗是一种简单、相对廉价的治疗方法，在世界大部分地区都很容易获得。”
Prof Charles Swanton, the chief clinician of Cancer Research UK, which funded the trial, said: “This is a monumental finding that could help thousands of men worldwide. Stampede is making great strides in finding new ways to treat prostate cancer with previous results from the trial already changing clinical practice. Data released previously has led to docetaxel chemotherapy now being part of the standard of care for many men with prostate cancer.
资助这项试验的英国癌症研究中心的首席临床医生查尔斯·斯旺顿教授说：“这是一个具有里程碑意义的发现，可以帮助全世界成千上万的男性。斯坦皮德在寻找治疗前列腺癌的新方法方面取得了巨大的进步，之前的试验结果已经改变了临床实践。此前公布的数据表明，多西他赛化疗现在已成为许多前列腺癌患者治疗标准的一部分。
“Adding radiotherapy to current treatment shows clear benefit for this subgroup of men with prostate cancer. We now need to investigate whether this could also work for other types of cancer. If we can understand exactly why these men benefit from the additional radiotherapy treatment, we could hopefully use this approach to benefit even more patients.”
“在目前的治疗中加入放射治疗对前列腺癌患者的这一亚组有明显的好处。我们现在需要调查这是否也适用于其他类型的癌症。如果我们能确切地理解这些人为什么能从额外的放射治疗中受益，我们就有希望使用这种方法来造福更多的病人。“
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