专家：身体测出这种基因，八成要得癌症！ 网友：还是不测的好！
More than 80% of people with cancer risk genes don't know it, study warns
研究警告说，超过80%的癌症风险基因患者并不知道这一点
▌ 部分素材来源于《每日邮报》，世界播团队翻译
Eight out of every 10 people that have genes that raise their risks for breast, pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancers do not know it, a new study reveals.
一项新的研究表明，每10个人中就有8个人的基因会增加患乳腺癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌的风险。
Mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes raise a woman's risk of developing breast cancer before the age of 80 by 72 percent and 69 percent.
BRCA1和BRCA2基因的突变使女性在80岁之前患乳腺癌的风险分别增加了72%和69%。
On the same genes, mutations also increase pancreatic cancer for people of any gender, of ovarian cancer for women and prostate cancer for men.
在相同的基因上，突变也会增加人们患胰腺癌的风险，女性的卵巢癌和男性的前列腺癌。
Despite the fact that genetic testing offer a likely opportunity to predict a BRCA-related cancer, most people rely on their relatives to tell them if they have a family history of risk.
尽管基因测试为预测BRCA相关癌症提供了一个可能的机会，但大多数人还是依靠亲戚告诉他们是否有家族病史。
Simple blood or saliva testing can tell whether a person has any of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations that raise their cancer risks, but less than 20% of those with the genes know it
简单的血液或唾液检测就能判断一个人是否携带增加患癌症风险的BRCA1或BRCA2突变基因，但只有不到20%的基因携带者知道这一点
The authors of a new study from Yale University are urging people to get tested for the gene variations after discovering that only 18 percent of people they tested knew their DNA was dangerous.
耶鲁大学一项新研究的作者敦促人们进行基因变异测试，因为他们发现只有18%的人知道自己的DNA是危险的。
It was discovered in the mid-1990s that mutations on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 raised breast cancer risks for women.
上世纪90年代中期，科学家发现BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变会增加女性患乳腺癌的风险。
Since then, we have learned that various mutations on those same genes can similarly affect the risks of ovarian, prostate and pancreatic cancers, as well as breast cancer for men.
从那以后，我们了解到，这些相同基因的各种突变同样会影响患卵巢癌、前列腺癌和胰腺癌以及男性患乳腺癌的风险。
In part because it is so common, the US government and institutions the world over have thrown their weight into breast cancer research.
在某种程度上，因为乳腺癌如此普遍，美国政府和世界各地的机构都投入了乳腺癌研究。
One in every eight women in the US will develop breast cancer at some point in their lives.
在美国，每八名女性中就有一名会在人生的某个阶段患上乳腺癌。
Collectively, nearly 406,000 Americans are diagnosed pancreatic, prostate or ovarian cancer.
共有近406000名美国人被诊断为胰腺癌、前列腺癌或卵巢癌。
An international dedication to finding a cure have driven death rates for breast cancer down significantly.
国际社会致力于寻找治疗方法，这大大降低了乳腺癌的死亡率。
But even in this age of curable breast cancer,more than 40,000 American women are expected to die of breast cancer this year alone.
但即使在这个乳腺癌可以治愈的年龄，仅今年一年就有4万多名美国妇女因乳腺癌死亡。
As with any cancer, the best 'treatment' is prevention, and second to that is early detection.
与任何癌症一样，最好的“治疗”是预防，其次是早期发现。
A simple blood or saliva test at any age - even in infancy - can detect BRCA mutations.
在任何年龄——甚至在婴儿期——进行一次简单的血液或唾液检测就能检测出BRCA突变。
After the discovery of the two BRCA genes in the 1990s, there was a surge in women getting their DNA tested.
在上世纪90年代发现这两种BRCA基因后，接受DNA测试的女性数量激增。
But then an odd thing happened, beginning in 2004: there was a sharp increase in the number of low-risk (with no or a minimal family history of breast cancer).
但奇怪的事情发生了，从2004年开始:低风险(没有或几乎没有乳腺癌家族史)的人数急剧增加。
Meanwhile, many women with significant family histories of breast cancer were not getting tested.
与此同时，许多有乳腺癌家族史的女性没有接受检测。
The new study, published in JAMA Network Open, suggests that something similar is still going on.
发表在《美国医学会杂志网络开放》上的这项新研究表明，类似的事情仍在发生。
When the authors screened the genomes of over 50,000 men and women, they found that 267 had one of the BRCA mutations that put them at risk for cancer.
当发表者对超过5万名男性和女性的基因组进行筛选时，他们发现267人的BRCA突变之一使他们面临癌症风险。
Only 18 percent of those who had cancer-related mutations were aware of their risks.
只有18%的癌症相关突变的人知道他们的风险。
In fact, between their new research and their previous related study, the Yale University research has been responsible for the discovery of cancer for four participants.
事实上，在他们的新研究和之前的相关研究之间，耶鲁大学的研究已经为四个参与者发现了癌症。
'Three of these cases were people who wouldn't meet the screening criteria. Like a lot of people, they had no family or personal history that suggested they would have this,' senior study author Dr Michael Murray told Daily Mail Online.
其中三名患者不符合筛查标准。资深研究员迈克尔·穆雷博士在接受《每日邮报》在线采访时说:“和很多人一样，他们也没有家庭或个人病史。”
Genetic screening is typically only recommended for people who have a 'significant' family and/or personal history of cancers that could be related to BRCA mutations.
遗传筛查通常只推荐那些有与BRCA突变相关的“重要”家庭和/或个人癌症病史的人。
The concern is that testing people at low risk will cause undue worry.
令人担心的是，测试低风险的人会引起不必要的担忧。
But Dr Murray suggests that precaution has perhaps been taken too far.
但穆雷博士认为，预防措施可能有些过头了。
'With the change in cost and the improved ability to interpret the data I think we should be thinking about when and if and how to use genomic screening,' he said.
他说，随着成本的变化以及解读数据能力的提高，我认为我们应该考虑何时、是否以及如何使用基因组筛选。
In 2015, Dr Murray says that BRCA testing would have cost about $3,000. Now, he estimates getting screened is about 'a tenth' of that price.
穆雷博士说，在2015年，BRCA测试将花费3000美元。现在，他估计接受筛查的费用大约是这个价格的“十分之一”。
Direct-to-consumer genetic tests like 23andMe, which costs as little as $150, include BRCA testing, but it 'offers testing for just three variants in the two genes,' explains Dr Murray.
穆雷博士解释说，像基因公司23andMe这样的直接面向消费者的基因测试包括BRCA测试，成本低至150美元，但它“只对这两个基因中的三个变体进行测试”。
'That's only a tiny sliver of a window of the risks.'
这只是风险窗口的一小部分。
Doctors may fail to recommend BRCA screening to their patients simply because they don't take a complete family and personal medical history.
医生可能没有向他们的病人推荐BRCA筛查，仅仅是因为他们没有完整的家庭和个人病史。
Doing so would take 15 to 20 minutes, 'a long time,' for doctors, Dr Murray says.
穆雷医生说，这样做需要15到20分钟，对医生来说“很长时间”。
And family history alone 'doesn't work for analyzing every risk variant,' and nor does testing alone.
单独的家族史并不能分析所有的风险变异，单独的测试也不行。
Dr Murray hopes that the knowledge that more than 80 percent of people walking around with dangerous genes will encourage more patients to discuss their full histories and splash out for genetic testing.
穆雷博士希望，超过80%的携带有危险基因的人会鼓励更多的病人讨论他们的全部病史，并花更多的钱进行基因检测。
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