世界级运动员力量和增肌训练方法
如果说等长训练大家如果不熟悉的话,奥赛教头训练杰瑞米的FST-7训练大家应该有所耳闻。其实所谓的FST-7训练没有什么神秘的,FST使用的是肌肉疲劳下极致等长收缩带来的额外充血感,加速肌肉和其筋膜组织的血液充盈和循环,以达到额外的增肌效果的训练方法[8,9],换句话说,FST-7训练其实可以被称为“等长力竭训练”。
等长训练的方法不止FST-7。我们最常见的平板支撑、靠墙静蹲都是等长训练。但是对于增肌、力量训练人群来说,普通的等长训练似乎过于简单。因此才会有像FST-7这类的等长力竭训练。
但是其实等长力竭训练不只有FST-7的那几种方法,几乎所有的训练都可以用等长力竭训练的方式来促进极致的肌肉充血和泵感。最常见的操作方法就是一组训练后,找到这个训练的底部停留姿势,然后利用自主肌肉收缩或者是负重姿势全力发力10-15秒。这样肌肉的泵感会非常充足[9,10]。
2.3 离心超负荷离心超负荷训练(Eccentric Overload)是顶级职业运动员最常用的促进训练效果的训练之一,篮球的詹姆斯、足球的C罗都常使用这种训练来增加他们的爆发力。离心超负荷训练的操作方法很简单,就是在向心阶段结束后,加上20%的额外负重完成离心阶段,到达动作底部再把额外负重拿掉,用原来的重量完成向心阶段。由于这个动作需要两人帮助,所以能够真正达到“一人训练、三人力竭”的效果……研究表明,10周的离心超负荷训练深蹲训练能让运动员的爆发力功率提高最多22%[11],而且能明显增强运动员的变向能力,同时还有增加运动员最大力量的效果[12,13]。最大力量的提升意味着能够对抗的重量更大,这也意味着肌肉可以得到额外的增长。
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