我们练的还是瑜伽吗？当代瑜伽和古代传统瑜伽差别到底有多大！
当谈到“瑜伽”时，我们谈论的是现代瑜伽还是传统瑜伽呢？或者它已经变成了别的东西，不应该叫瑜伽？和YogaLa一起来看看瑜伽的根源以及如今大家对瑜伽的一些看法吧！
自19世纪瑜伽在西方流行以来，它发生了巨大变化。事实上，有些人称之为“非瑜伽”，因为它与古代圣人的传统瑜伽有很大的不同。为了简单起见，我们称之为现代瑜伽。
那么现代瑜伽和传统瑜伽有什么区别？
传统瑜伽与现代瑜伽（一）
根据古人的说法，传统瑜伽是一个完整的系统。瑜伽体式即我们现在理解的“瑜伽”，实际上只是这个系统的一小部分。瑜伽实际上是一种精神学科，由几种不同的“瑜伽”组成：
· Raja瑜伽，旨在通过心理训练和冥想来培养思想
· 哈达瑜伽，包括清洁术，呼吸控制方法，班达，印 和长时间停留的体式。
· Ghatastha瑜伽，纯粹的瑜伽练习
这让我们大致了解了现代实践中似乎缺少的瑜伽其他层面，瑜伽实际上一直是激烈辩论的主题！
我们将它归结为：非古典瑜伽中除体式练习之外的重要性。
前古典瑜伽
看看像Bhagavad-Gita或Lord's Song这样的前古典瑜伽经文，你会看到那种充满爱心的奉献，或者是Bhakti; 知识或沉思 - 在此期间，Jnana和Karma（无私行动）是瑜伽练习的重要方面。
古典瑜伽
在瑜伽的“古典时期”中汲取高峰，而帕坦加利则试图在2世纪左右定义并标准化瑜伽。它产生了着名的195经典 - 在那里他确定了瑜伽，包括瑜伽八支。
Asanas只是这个紧凑系统中的一步，旨在将物质与精神结合起来，使身体不朽。
后古典瑜伽
这是瑜伽走向西方的阶段，有部分得到演变。瑜伽大师Swami Sivananda在美国和欧洲开设了学校，并将旧的瑜伽系统的所有元素压缩成一套全新的原则。所以现在，瑜伽基本上是：
放松
体式
呼吸
饮食
积极思考和冥想
Sivananda写了很多关于瑜伽主题，他名下也收了门徒在20世纪后期传播瑜伽。其中一个是Yogi Bhajan。瑜伽正在发生变化，不仅在西方，也在瑜伽的故乡印度。
现代瑜伽与传统瑜伽（二）
2010年，马克·辛格尔顿写了一本关于现代和传统瑜伽之间差异的巨著。在这本书中，他阐述印度传统中没有证据表明偏健身性质的Asana练习在本世纪全球瑜伽界占主导地位的，其受欢迎程度很大程度上归功于欧洲健身的精神愿望和20世纪初西方女子体操运动。
辛格尔顿认为，在过去和现在之间的某个地方，瑜伽已经发生了巨大变化，几乎无法辨认。
现代瑜伽课
那瑜伽现在看起来像什么？虽然在任何一个瑜伽课程中的活动取决于学校，教师和其特定时间表，但以下是可能出现的典型细分：
太阳致敬
特定姿势持续时间稍长
在Savasana（平躺）和/或Pranayama（呼吸练习）5-20分钟
如果您的老师更资深，您也可以做一些冥想，mudras，pratyahara（撤回感官），讨论价值观（yama）或执行kriyas（获得脊柱精神能量的特定动作）。但实际上几乎没有证据表明瑜伽是小组练习！
瑜伽的大众消费
瑜伽在美国已经达到了如此受欢迎的程度，人们在广场，公园，健身房，健身中心，住宅，普拉提工作室，卧室和屋顶上做瑜伽。
瑜伽让人感觉时尚吗？有些人会同意，瑜伽更多的是关于看起来弯曲和Instagram能力，而不是现在学习一种古老的精神进步方法。
瑜伽行业价值270亿美元。但这真的很重要吗？
说实话：瑜伽让人更健康。在我们几乎所有时间的文化中，瑜伽正是我们所需要的。 人们感到压力，焦虑和抑郁，瑜伽可以迅速有效地缓解这些不舒服的状况。
但是隐藏在瑜伽中几乎被遗忘的方面呢？虽然产业的建立是有原因的。但是他们能为瑜伽治疗增添更多益处吗？世界各地的瑜伽修行者会意识到他们只能获得馅饼的一小部分吗？
（本文精选自外网，由YogaLa瑜伽旅修翻译，未经同意，禁止转载！）
Are we kidding ourselves when it comes to ¨doing yoga¨? Is modern yoga ancient? Or has it morphed into something else, which should not be called yoga? Let’s have a look at yoga’s roots and our modern take on it to discover the truth.
What Is Yoga?
Since yoga became popular in the West during the 19th Century, it´s changed dramatically. Some call it “Not Yoga”, in fact, because it´s so different from the traditional yoga of the ancient sages. Let´s call it modern yoga, here, for simplicity.So what are the differences between this modern yoga and traditional yoga?There are many!
Traditional Yoga vs. Modern Yoga
Traditional yoga is a complete system, according to the ancients. The yoga postures that we now understand as being ¨yoga¨, were actually just a small part of this system. Yoga was actually a spiritual discipline, made up of several distinct ¨yogas¨:
· Raya Yoga, which aimed to cultivate the mind through mental discipline and meditation
· Hatha Yoga, which included cleansing techniques, breath control methods, bandhas (locks), mudras (seals) and remaining in asanas (poses) for extended periods of time
· Ghatastha Yoga, or purely physical yoga exercises
This gives you a rough idea of the added layers of yoga that seem to be missing from our modern practice, or comprise just a few minutes of a typical class.Yoga is actually a subject of intense debate! But what it boils down to is this: the prominence of non-postural practices was significant in ancient yoga.
Pre-Classical Yoga
Look at pre-classical yoga scriptures like the Bhagavad-Gita, or Lord´s Song, and you´ll see that loving devotion, or Bhakti; knowledge or contemplation – Jnana, and Karma (selfless action) were super-important facets of yoga practice during this time.
Classical Yoga
Take a sneak peak at yoga´s ¨classical period¨, and Patanjali´s attempt to define and standardize yoga around the 2nd Century. It resulted in the famous 195 sutras — where he nailed down yoga as comprising an 8-fold path to enlightenment.Asanas were just one step in this compact system designed to combine matter with spirit and make the body immortal.
Post-Classical Yoga
Here´s where yoga heads to the West, and gets a little modified, so to speak. Yoga Guru Swami Sivananda opened schools in the States and Europe, and compressed all the elements of the yoga system of old into a brand new set of principles. So now, yoga is basically:RelaxationAsanasPranayama (breathing)A dietPositive thinking and meditationSivananda wrote profusely on the subject of yoga and had disciples who spread the word during the late 20th Century. One of them was Yogi Bhajan. Yoga was changing, not only in the West, but also in India, the homeland of yoga.
The Yoga Body
In 2010, Mark Singleton wrote a great book on the disparity between modern and traditional yoga.
In the book, he says that there is no evidence in the Indian tradition of the kind of health and fitness-oriented Asana practice that dominates the global yoga scene this century,
and that its popularity owes a lot to the spiritual aspirations of European bodybuilding and early 20th-century western women’s gymnastics movements.Singleton argues that somewhere between way back when and right now, yoga has changed so dramatically, it´s almost unrecognizable.
Your Modern Yoga Class
So what does yoga look like now? Though the range of activities you might enjoy in any one yoga class depends on the school, teacher and their specific schedule for that session, here is a typical breakdown of what might occur:Sun salutationsSpecific postures held for a slightly longer period of time5-20 minutes in Savasana (lying down) and/or Pranayama (breathing exercises)If your teacher is more advanced, you might also do some meditation, mudras, pratyahara (withdrawal of the senses), discuss values (yama) or perform kriyas (specific movements to access spiritual energy in the spine). But there is actually little evidence that yoga was even practiced in groups!
Mass Consumption
Yoga has reached such popularity in the States now that it is strange not to be able to go to a yoga class somewhere no matter what time it is! People are doing yoga in squares, parks, gyms, fitness centers, residential homes, pilates studios, bedrooms, and on roofs.
So does yoga make people feel fashionable? Some would agree that yoga is more about looking bendy and Instagram-able than learning an ancient method for spiritual progress now. The yoga industry is worth $27 billion and counting. But does that really matter?
Let´s be perfectly honest: yoga is making people healthier. In our sitting-down-almost-all-the-time culture, yoga is exactly what we need! Right? People are stressed, anxious, and depressed, and yoga relieves these uncomfortable conditions quickly and effectively for many.
But what about the hidden and almost forgotten facets of yoga? They were established for a reason. Could they add even more benefits to the yoga cure? And will yogis across the world realize they´re only getting a small part of the pie?
But what about the hidden and almost forgotten facets of yoga? They were established for a reason. Could they add even more benefits to the yoga cure? And will yogis across the world realize they´re only getting a small part of the pie?