最新科技：血液测试可发现10种早期癌症，最高准确率达90%！
Blood test offers hope of finding cancers before symptoms develop
血液测试提供了在症状开始之前发现癌症的希望
来源：美国CNN 翻译：世界播
Promising new research enables scientists to use a blood test to screen for different types of cancers at early stages.
一项有前景的新研究使科学家能够利用血液测试在早期筛查不同类型的癌症。
The test, known as a liquid biopsy, is used to screen for DNA from cancer cells and was able to detect 10 different cancers with good accuracy.
这项被称为液体活检的检测被用来筛选癌细胞中的DNA，并能够准确地检测出10种不同的癌症。
Dr. Eric Klein from the Taussig Cancer Institute at Cleveland Clinic in the United States led the research, which is to be presented at the annual conference of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, the largest gathering of oncologists worldwide.
来自美国克利夫兰诊所Taussig癌症研究所的Eric Klein博士主导了这项研究，该研究将在芝加哥举行的美国临床肿瘤学会年会上发表，这是全球范围内最大的肿瘤学家聚会。
Most cancers are detected at advanced stages when treatment is more complicated and cure rates are low, the conference abstract states.
会议摘要指出，大多数癌症是在治疗更为复杂、治愈率较低的晚期才被发现的。
The non-invasive DNA blood test isn't yet ready to use in practice, but the test would enable cancers to be detected in the early stages, before symptoms begin, when treatment is more likely to succeed. These types of tests could become part of a universal screening process for cancer.
非侵入性DNA血液检测还没有准备好在实际应用中使用，但这项测试将使癌症在症状开始前，即治疗更有可能成功的早期阶段就被发现。这些类型的检测可以成为全面性癌症筛检过程的一部分。
"Detecting cancer early, before it has spread is one of the most powerful ways to ensure more people are offered treatments which give them a better chance of beating the disease," said Fiona Osgun of Cancer Research UK, who was not part of the study.
英国癌症研究中心的Fiona Osgun说:“在扩散之前，及早发现癌症，是确保更多的人接受治疗的最有效方法之一，及早接受治疗能让他们更有可能战胜癌症。”
The research sampled 1,627 participants, of which 749 were cancer-free and 878 had various types of newly detected, untreated cancer.
该研究对1627名参与者进行了抽样调查，其中749人没有癌症，878人患有各种新发现的未经治疗的癌症。
The blood test involved three tests on the participants' blood samples and showed sensitivity in detecting 10 different types of cancer, including pancreatic, ovarian, lung and esophageal cancer, among others.
该血液测试包括对受试者血液样本进行三次测试，并在检测包括胰腺癌、卵巢癌、肺癌和食道癌在内的10种不同癌症时具有敏感性。
The results showed that the test most accurately diagnosed ovarian cancer, with 90% accuracy, followed by hepatobiliary -- a highly lethal cancer that attacks the liver and gallbladder -- and pancreatic cancer, with 80% accuracy.
结果显示，该测试最准确地诊断出卵巢癌，准确率达90%，其次是肝胆疾病（一种对肝脏、胆囊有致命威胁的癌症）和胰腺癌，准确率达80%。
The test's high sensitivity to pancreatic cancer is especially promising. Pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed when the cancer is too advanced to be operated on, said Dr. Chris Abbosh, a clinical research associate at University College London's Cancer Institute.
该测试对胰腺癌的敏感性非常有前景。伦敦大学学院癌症研究所临床研究助理Chris Abbosh博士说，胰腺癌被诊断出来时通常是在病情太严重而无法进行手术时。
However, it's important to note that the number of people in which these cancers were detected was small. For both ovarian and pancreatic cancer, only 10 cases were detected, while only five people with hepatobiliary cancer were identified.
然而，值得注意的是，检测出这些癌症的案例很少。对于卵巢癌和胰腺癌，只有10例被检测出来，而肝胆癌只有5例被察觉。
Head and neck cancer as well as lung cancer were detected with the least accuracy, at 56% and 59%, respectively.
头颈癌和肺癌的检测准确率最低，分别为56%和59%。
But the results are promising. The ability to diagnose cancer early on and then offer patients effective treatment for their disease will likely save many lives, according to Dr. Nickolas Papadopoulos, professor of oncology and pathology at Johns Hopkins Medicine and senior author of a study on blood tests for the early detection of cancer.
但检测结果是有发展前景的。约翰霍普金斯医学院肿瘤学和病理学教授、癌症早期检测血液检测研究的高级作者Nickolas Papadopoulos博士说，早期诊断癌症并为患者提供有效治疗的能力可能会挽救许多人的生命。
For many common cancers, rates of survival triple when diagnosed at an early stage, according to Cancer Research UK.
根据英国癌症研究中心的研究，对于许多常见癌症，早期诊断的生存率比晚期诊断高三倍。
There's more work to do before it can be used regularly, though.
不过，要让癌症都能得到早期诊断还需要做很多工作。
"There's still a lot more research needed to achieve this goal. This blood test was better at picking up certain cancers than others so we need further trials to test its accuracy and also determine whether it will help save lives," said Osgun.
Osgun说：“要实现这一目标，还需要进行更多的研究。这项血液检测在发现某些癌症方面比较突出，因此我们需要进一步的试验来检验它的准确性，并确定它是否有助于挽救生命。”
Gerhardt Attard, John Black Charitable Foundation Endowed Chair in Urological Cancer Research at University College London, believes that this may soon become a common method for cancer screening.
Gerhardt Attard，致力于于伦敦大学学院泌尿癌症研究，是约翰·布莱克慈善基金会特聘教授，他认为这可能很快就会成为癌症筛查的一种常见方法。
"This is moving exceptionally fast. I think that in the next few five to 10 years, if this continues to work like this, we may see this coming through into normal practice," Attard said.
Attard说：“这方面发展是非常快的。我认为，在未来五到十年里，如果这项研究继续这样保持下去，该检测方法很可能会被运用到正常实践中。”
But Abbosh notes several caveats around the research.
但是Abbosh博士给出了关于这项研究的一些警示。
"To match the promise of being able to screen for cancer, this test must be able to identify patients who do not have symptoms or signs of cancer. Finally, it will be important to establish how good this test is at identifying patients with the earliest stage of cancer. In stage I disease, surgical interventions are most likely to remove all a patient's cancer and result in a cure -- this data is no yet available," Abbosh said.
他说，“为了实现对癌症筛查的承诺，这项检测必须能够识别那些没有癌症症状或体征的患者。此外，要确定这个测试在鉴别癌症早期患者方面有什么好处。在I期疾病中，手术的干预最有可能治愈患者的癌症——目前这方面还没有可用的数据。”
Dr. H. Gilbert Welch, professor of medicine at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, said in a previous CNN report that the analysis involved in these tests is "extraordinarily complex."
在CNN先前的一份报告中，达特茅斯卫生政策与临床实践学院医学教授H. Gilbert Welch博士表示，这些测试所涉及的分析“极其复杂”。
"There are a lot of steps in a liquid biopsy and much potential for things to go awry," he said.
他表示“液体活检有很多步骤，而且很有可能会出错”。
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